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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » How things work »
Tsunami - How Does It Work
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Japanese for harbor (tsu) wave (nami)
Tsunami is a set of ocean gravity waves caused by any large, abrupt disturbance of the ocean surface.
Example,
• landslides into the sea
• submarine earthquakes
• submarine volcanoes
• asteroid impacts
Tsunami generation: where and how?
Tsunamis are nothing but the long-wavelengths waves which are generally generated by submarine earthquakes , submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruption and very rarely by meteorite impacts. submarine landslides are less commenly generated and submarine volcanic are rarely generated.
To know about the tsunamis first we have to know about subduction. Subduction is nothing but when two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one.
The earth quake results due to when part of seafloor connected to the lighter plate is snapped up suddenly due to the pressure.
Tsunamis and normal waves
Tsunamis and normal waves have all of the same parts and are measured in the same ways, but there are many differences between the two as listed in the following table.
Typical Tsunami Wave vs. Typical Wind-generated Wave
Typical Tsunami Wave vs. Typical Wind-generated Wave
Wave Feature
| Wind-generated Wave
| Tsunami Wave
|
|---|
Wave Speed
| 5-60 mph (8-100 kph)
| 500-600 mph (800-1,000 kph
|
|---|
Wave Period
| 5 to 20 seconds apart
| 10 minutes to 2 hours apart
|
|---|
Wave Length
| 300-600 feet apart
| 60-300 miles apart
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|---|
Tsunami of April 1, 1946
Chile earthquake, 1960
 
 
Tsunami warning systems
A tsunami warning system has been set up due to the destructive force of is tsunami.
Sea Level Records
As everyone is aware of what has happened on December 26, 2004. A massive underwater earthquake has occurred at coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, which rattled the Earth in its orbit. The quake, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, was the largest one since 1964. Aparently this created the most powerful and destructive the tsunami. The earthquake epicentre that created it was located off the coast of Indonesia.
Tsunami Source Regions
Tsunami Predictions:
The DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) are place at the ocean bottom which are the unique pressure recorders. These will send signals when there is slight change in pressure. The DART system is capable of detecting a tsunami as small as a centimeter high above the sea level.
 
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