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Resources » Articles/Knowledge Sharing » Important Days »
American Indian History
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1492 Columbus discovers (???) America.
1500 Sixty million Natives begin decline to approximately one million in 1900
1520 The Aztec Empire at Mexico City falls to Hernando Cortes
1531 Our Lady of Guadalupe appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac
1537 Pope Paul III issues letter, SUBLIMUS DEUS, after long fight by Fray Bartolome del las Casas for better treatment of Indians.
1565 First permanent European settlement, St. Augustine.
1604-35 Champlain explored and colonized Northeast for France.
1607 First permanent English colony at Jamestown, Virginia.
1611 First Jesuits sent to New France.
1616 Smallpox epidemic ravages Natives along New England coast.
1619 First English missionaries, 50 Anglicans, sent to Virginia.First slaves from Africa land in Virginia.
1620 Mayflower arrived at Plymouth to found first colony in New England.
1622 First Indian uprising in an English colony (Virginia).
1636-37 Pequot War. The only Indian naval engagement.
1638 First Reservations, established by Puritans near New Haven, CT.
1675 King Phillip War. Metacom, known by whites as King Phillip, protested Reservation system; was executed.
1680 The Pueblo Revolt begins at Taos Pueblo.
1756-63 French and Indian War. English defeated the French and took possession of entire Northeast by 1763.
1767 Secularization of missions in new Mexico, ending Spanish mission program there.
1768 British give back control of Indian affairs to colonies.
1769 Spanish occupied California and established first missions.
1778 Continental Congress made first treaty with Indians (Delawares).
1789 United States Constitution ratified by the states; Indian rights reaffirmed.
1790 Congress enacted first law regulating trade and land sales with Indians.
1803 Louisiana Purchase; Lewis and Clark expedition.
1819 First appropriation ($10,000) to civilize Indians.
1824 Bureau of Indian Affairs established in War Department.
1827 Cherokee Republic, formed in an attempt to avoid forced removal.
1830 Indian Removal Act passed by Congress; legalized removal of all Indians east of Mississippi to lands west of the river.
1832 Chief Justice John Marshall issued opinion that state law does not apply to Indians on tribal lands; position of Commissioner of Indian Affairs established in War Department.
1834 Administrative structure of Bureau of Indian Affairs amplified; Trade and Intercourse Act, including prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Indians and need for a license to travel in Indian land.
1837 Smallpox epidemic on the Plains.
1839 Father De Smet's first journey west contacted Yanktons. Continued journeys until death in 1873.
1849 Bureau of Indian Affairs shifted to Interior Department.
1851 Fort Laramie Treaty.
1861-65 Civil War in United States.
1862 Minnesota Uprising of Sioux; 38 hanged at Mankato.
1865-69 Building of Union Pacific Railroad.
1867 The U. S. buys Alaska.
1870 Grant's Peace Policy continued to 1881; First sum earmarked for federal education of Indians. First Ghost Dance Movement, Prayer to prevent immigration.
1871 Congress passed law putting an end to further treaties with Indians.
1874 Grey Nuns from Canada arrive in Fort Totten, Dakota Territory; employed by U.S. Government.
1876 Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer). Abbot Martin Marty from Indiana arrived at Standing Rock Reservation; established St. Benedict's Mission.
1877 Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War.
1878 Congress appropriated first funds for Indian police.
1880 Marty made Bishop and Vicar Apostolic of Dakota Territory.
1887 Dawes General Allotment Act passed by Congress.
1888 Holy Rosary Mission on Pine Ridge Reservation staffed by Jesuits.
1890 Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge. Ghost Dance. Last major bloodshed involving Indians and the U.S. Government.
1892-97 More laws providing for schools and giving truant officers the right to force Indian children to attend school; federal support of church schools withdrawn.
1911 Ishi, the last Yahi Indian.
1919 Father Sylvester Eisenman, OSB came to Yankton Reservation; beginning of Marty mission.
1924 All Indians declared citizens of U.S.
1934 Wheeler-Howard Act, passed to protect Native Culture.
1969 American Indian Movement (AIM) begins to form.
1979 American Indian Religious Freedom Act (P.L. 95-341 ).
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