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Kerala
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Posted Date: 14 Jan 2009 Posted By: Tony Member Level: Platinum Points: 0
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| Author: Nalini Sadasivan 28 Feb 2009 Member Level: Silver Points: 5 (Rs 5) | Irinjalakuda is an assembly segment of Mukundapuram Los Sabha Constituency. It is a small town in Thrissur district (Population 28, 873(2001) with an average literacy of 87% . There are 133 polling stations here. In the last assembly elections Mr.Thomas Unniyadan of KCM won this assembly seat for a margin of 7995 votes. This is the home town of scholars and authors like Unnai Warrier, Satchidanandan and Anand. Unnai Warriar was a great Sanskrit scholar and writer (Nala charitam/ Sreem Rama Pancha Sadi written by him). Famouns cene artists like Innocent, Babu (Edavela), Sindhu Menon and Antony hails from Irinjalakuda. An annual cultural festival called Thanima is conducted every year which helps to find out and patronize new artists. This is the first sub district in Kerala which has 100% computer literacy. There are some prominent colleges and schools in and around this small town. Christ college for men , St. Joseph’s college for women, Don Bosco school/ Little Flower School, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan are some of them. State high way 22 runs through this town and it is linked with national highways NH47 and NH17. It is a business centre too with a number of textile/ Jewllery shops/ super markets etc. The famous Kootalmanickam temple is situated very near to Irinjalakuda bus terminus. This is the one and only temple in India for Bharatha (brother of Sri.Rama). Another temple of Shatrugna –the younger brother of Sri Rama is also situated nearby. There are two big Churches in the town. A school for learning Kathakali and other arts of Kerala like Koothu/ Koodiyattam in the name of Unnai Warrier is also there in this town .A Vedic school also (yajurveda patasala)is there which provides training in Vedic practices and rituals. There is a Govt Hospital, a Co-Operative Hospital , and Ayurveda Hospital and an ESI dispensary in this town. This town is linked by rail . Railway station is just 2-3 kilometres from the main town and connected by lot of bus services.
| | Author: Nalini Sadasivan 28 Feb 2009 Member Level: Silver Points: 5 (Rs 5) | Kodungallur (Anglicised name Cranganur) (Population 33543 (2001) is an assembly segment of Mukundapuram Lok Sabha constituency which is a city and Muncipality, with 134 polling stations. Mr.K.P.Ranjendran of CPI had defeated his rival with a margin of 2522 in the previous election. . This place is known as Mahodayapuram, Sinkli, Muziris in olden times. Muziripatnam is a famous sea port at the mouth of river Periyar. Kodungallur is situated 35 KM from Kochi, 38 from Thrissur and 45 Km frm Guruvayoor. The coastal highway NH17 passes through Kodungallur connecting Ernakulam and Mumbai. Kollam-Kottapuram National waterway ends in Kodungallur. A recently completed bridge (Krishnan Kotta bridge) reduces the distance between Mala , Chalakudi and Kodungallur. You can find mention of the sea port of Kodungallur (Muziris) in the travelogues of Pliny and Ptolemy. This was the capital of Cheraman Perumal who later devided his kingdom among the local chieftains and converted into Islam and went to Mecca. Kodungallur kovilakam (palace) was centre of learning. The one and only temple for Kannagi (Silappathikaram) is in Kodungallur. The Cheraman Jama Masjid and a Church in the name of St.Thomas (built in 52AD) being the first Christian church in India are the other important places. The Mahadeva temple of Thiruvanchikulam is also near by Kodungallur . Elephant race is conducted here during the festival. Edavilangu (panchayat) Sivakrishna puram temple also is quite famous in this area. There is a fort built by Portuguese (Travancore Fort) later destroyed by Zamorine and Tipu sultan. The name Kodungallur derived from Kodi-Linga-Puram. There is a mention of Kudako (ruler of Kudanadu-between rivers Periyar and Ponnani). This was the revenue collection centre for goods coming to this port and hence the name Kudakanallur later became Kodungallur. There is a Govt. college and a private college and a number of schools –Amrita Vidyalayam in S.N Puram is quite famous for its academic standards.
| | Author: shankar sreekumar 11 Aug 2009 Member Level: Gold Points: 2 | Kerala is located on the south west part of Indian Peninsula. A lush green piece of land which has hundreds of legends associated from time immemorial. Even the story of the formation of this region is aweinspiring.Legend is that the Sage Parasurama threw his axe (Parasu=Axe and hence He was called so) to the ocean ,and the ocean retreated till the place where the axe fall forming the Kerala region. The modern Kerala with its districts were first formed in 1956 November 1
Now also known as God's Own Country, Kerala has almost 100 percent literacy.
Lush green forests , serene backwaters,beautiful beaches,diverse cutures, veriety cuisines and the majestic coconut trees make Kerala indeed God's Own Country.
| | Author: Luck !!! 10 Oct 2009 Member Level: Silver Points: 8 (Rs 5) | The states of Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore Cochin on 1 July 1949, and the same was recognized as a state in 1950. The States Reorganisation Act merged the former states od Travancore-Cochin, Malabar districtof the former Madras State and Kasargod Taluk of Dakshina Kannada to form the Kerala state in 1956.
The elections were first held for a new Legislative assembly in 1957. A Communist govt. came into power headed by Shri E.M.S. Namboothiripad.
Prior to 1936, only upper caste Hindus were permitted entry into places of worship. This situation ended and the temples were opened to people from all castes with the issue of the Temple Entry Proclamation by Shri Chithira thirunal Bala Rama Varma in 1936.
Kerala has been named as one of the "ten paradises in the world" and "50 places of a life time " by the National Geographic Traveller magazine.
Some of the major pilgrimage centrs in Kerala are Guruvaayur temple, Sabarimala Temple, Vadakkumnatha temple famous for the Thrissur pooram, Thruvanathapuram Padmanabhaswamy temple, Chettikulangara Devi temple, Malayatoor church, Arthungal churuch, Bharananganam church, and mosques located at Ponnani, Koyilandi, Pappinisseri, to name a few. Kerala is also home to the oldest Synagogue in India namely, the Cochin Synagogue in the city of Kochi.
The state has 3 major airports at Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode.
The backwaters are one of the major tourist attractions in Kerala. National waterway 3 traverses through the state.
Native performing arts include Koodiyaattam, Kathakali, Kerala natanam, Kaliyaattam, Koothu, Mohiniyaattam, Thullal, Theyyam.
| | Author: tiyemes 15 Dec 2009 Member Level: Gold Points: 20 (Rs 20) | A Brief History and Geography of Kerala
There are different interpretations about the origin of the name 'Keralam'. One version is that this area of the country was under the rule of the Kings belonging to Chera Kingdom. The land or 'Alam' under 'Chera' came to be called as 'Cheralam'. This later got modified, through usage, as 'Keralam'. Another interpretation refers to the geographical position and the soil form of the State. Originally, it is said, this land was formed when the sea receded towards west (The land of Kerala is believed to be a gift of the Arabian Sea). As a result the nature of the soil there became more or less marshy. The clay like slurry soil is known as 'cheru' in the local language, Malayalam. Hence the land with full of 'cheru' was called 'Cheralam' which later became Keralam. (A mythological story says Keralam was created by Parasu Rama by throwing his Axe into the Arabian Sea asking the water to move back to the point where the Axe hit the ground).The third meaning refers to the presence of lots of coconut trees ('Kera vriksha' in Sanskrit language) in this region. The land of 'Keras' is Keralam. (This version is also not fully acceptable, since Kerala is not the native place of coconut trees).
Earliest reference to Kerala appears in 'Valmiki Ramayana'. Also it appears in 'Mahabharatha'.
In Kautalya's 'Artha sastra' (400 BC) there is reference to Periyar (Choorni river). There are travelogues written by different travelers from China, Arabia, etc., which give light into the history of Kerala in the past.
Access to Arabian sea had been a major factor for Kerala's contacts with other countries dating back to centuries. It established trade contacts with Egypt, Portugal, Assyria, Greek, Rome, China, Arabia, etc.. In about 1498 the Portuguese came to Calicut and in 1502 to Kochi. As per available records Kerala (or this part of India) had developed trade relations with other parts of the world even earlier to three thousand B.C. References are there about the spices of Kerala in Old Testaments. The ships owned by King Solomon of Israel had taken merchandise from Kerala coast as early as one thousand B.C.
Kerala had different dynasties such as Kulasekharas, Cheras, Cholas, etc. which ruled the land before the foreign rulers established their rule. Portuguese, Dutch and English rules were there.
Earlier, Kerala was the region between 'Gokarnam' of Karnataka and Kanyakumari of Tamil Nadu. When States were realigned based on languages, Kerala became the land of Malayalam speaking people. In the north, the South Canara region and in the south, the Nagercoil – Kanyakumari region were cut away from old Kerala. Also it may be noted that earlier to the formation of this new Kerala, it was divided as Thiruvithancore-Kochi (Travancore – Cochin) and Malabar. Thiru-Kochi was a separate State while Malabar formed part of erstwhile Madras State (Present Tamil Nadu). This Thiru-Kochi came into existence when the two Kingdoms (later after Independence two States) Thiruvithancore and Kochi got amalgamated, in 1949. It was on 1st November 1956, the Kerala State was formed, with Thiruvananthapuram as its capital. In the first general election conducted next year, for the first time, a Communist Government came into power through ballot. It was headed by E.M.S. Nambudiripad, who wrote a book on the necessity of formation of States on the basis of languages.
Kerala is a small state, tucked away in the south west corner of India (Longitude 8.04 to 12.44 N and Latitude 74.54 to 77.12 E). It has an area of 38,863 sq.km, representing only around 1.18 percent of the total area of India, but 3.1% of the India's population live here. It has the 17th place as far as the area is concerned, but population-wise it has 12th place (31.84 million is the population of Kerala according to 2001 census). It is separated from the rest of the peninsula by natural geographic boundaries. Eastern side of Kerala is having the Western Ghats (Sahyadri), while the West is bordered by Arabian Sea. The other two sides, North and South are relatively narrow, and have, respectively, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States.
Kerala may be divided into three regions geographically as high land, mid land and low land, because the land slopes down from the Western Ghats to the Arabian Sea. The high lands, with a height of more than 75 meters from the sea level, is distributed almost from North to South of the State, with relatively less height at both the ends. Major peak and higher areas of the mountains, such as Aanamudi (2817 m.), 'Agastyakutam' (2004 m), Nilgiris, Palanimalai, Andipetty Ranges, etc., are in the central part. The thick forests of these hilly areas are getting reduced due to human interventions. Luckly, Silent Valley, a typical tropical rain forest got protected as a National Park, because of environmentalists' interference. Most of other parts of these hilly areas have been converted into major plantations like tea, coffee, rubber, cardamom and other species.
The mid land (height from the sea level being between 7.5 and 75 meters) lies between the mountains and the low lands. It is made up of undulating hills and valleys. This is an area of intensive cultivation with cashew, coconut, arecanut, cassava, banana, rice, ginger, pepper, sugarcane and vegetables of different varieties being grown. To add to the fertility of this region the rivers staring from the Western Ghats flow through these planes before joining the Arabian sea.
The third region is the low lying land having a height of 7.5 meters or less from the sea level. There are several small and large lakes spread throughout the low land. These lakes ('Kayal' in local language) can be classified as fresh water and brackish water lakes, based on the water quality of the lakes. Vembanad Lake is the largest lake, stretching between Alappuzha and Ernakulam districts. Ashtamudi, Veli, Anchuthengu, Kodangallur, etc. are the other major lakes. Sasthankotta Lake is the biggest fresh water lake (area 4 sq.km., maximum depth 16 m.). Fishing is the major activity of the low land. Certain special types of rice cultivation, Pokkali, kole, etc. are also done in some places. This is because during rainy season, the area will be under water. Also there will be contact with brackish water in certain areas while sea level rises, due to high tide or any other reasons.
The state of Kerala has an area of 38,863 sq. km. and a population of 31.84 million (2001 census). There are 14 districts, 152 blocks and 1364 villages. The State has population density of 819 per sq. km. (as against the national average of 312). The decadal growth rate of the state is 9.43% (against 21.54% for the country) and the population of the state is growing at a slower rate than the national rate.
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