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Assam
Posted Date:
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Posted Date: 14 Jan 2009 Posted By: Tony Member Level: Platinum Points: 0
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| Author: Santosh 31 Jul 2009 Member Level: Diamond Points: 20 (Rs 20) | Geography
Area: 78,438sq km.
Population density: 340 per sq km.
Sex ratio: 935 females per 1000 males.
Principal languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo/Boro.
Physical Characteristics:
Assam can be broadly divided into three geographical units: the alluvial Brahmaputra Valley covering large parts of the state in the north, the Barak Valley in the southern part of the state, and the hilly region that separates the two valleys.
Neighboring states and Union territories:
International Borders: Bangladesh, Bhutan.
States: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura.
Major rivers:
Brahmaputra, Barak, Sonai, Dhaleswari, Kapali, Jamuna and Dhansiri.
Climate:
While the hilly regions have a pleasant subalpine climate, the plains experience tropical climatic conditions making them comfortably humid. Maximum temperatures in summers are 35 to 38C. Minimum temperatures in winters drop to 6C. The normal annual rainfall is 2850mm.
Flora and Fauna:
Flora:
Assamese flora includes bamboo, lac and valuable timber trees like sal and teak. The state’s forests have about 74 species of trees of which two-thirds are commercially exploited.
Fauna: Wildlife found in Assam includes one-horned rhinoceros, elephant, wild buffalo, wild boar, swamp deer, sambar, hog deer, sloth deer, tiger, leopard, leopard cat, jungle cat, hog badger, capped langur, hispid hare, pigmy hog and golden langur, hoolock gibbon, jackal, goose, hornbill, ibis, pelican, duck, cormorants, egret, riverchats(white capped redsatrs), forktail, heron, fishing eagle, etc.
| | Author: Santosh 31 Jul 2009 Member Level: Diamond Points: 10 (Rs 10) | History:
In ancient times, Assam was a part of the kingdom of kamarupa that had its capital at Pragjyotishpura. Chinese traveller Hiuen-Tsang’s account of AD 640 describes a powerful Kamapura under King Bhaskaravarman. From the seventh to thirteenth century, the region was ruled by different dynasties the palas, Koches, Kacharis, and the Chutiyas who constantly raged wars among themselves till the coming of the Ahoms in the thirteenth century who then became the dominant power. The power and prosperity of the Ahoms reached a zenith during the rule of King Rudra Singh in the late seventeenth century. It then went into decline due to internal uprisings and invasions from Myanmar. The British drove out the Myanmar invaders and restored order. After the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826, Assam became a part of British india.
In 1874, a separate chief commisioner’s province of Assam was created with its capital at Shillong. Assam was amalgamated with eastern Bengal at the time of Bengal’s partition in 1905, but was again made a separate province in 1912.
Assam became a constituent state of the Indian Union after Independence and has had many states carved out of it since: Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya and Mizoram in 1972. Assam’s first chief minister was Gopinath Bardoli.
Culture:
Assam has a large number of tribal groups who exhibit great cultural variety. Among them are the Boro-Kacharis, deoris, Misings, Dismassas, Karbis, Lalungs and Rabhas. The three Bihus or agricultural festivals—Rongali Bihu, Bhogali Bihu and KOngali Bihu are an important aspect of assamese culture. Apart from Bihu, popular dance forms include Ojapali, satriya, ghosa Dhemali, Ras nritya and Bagrumba.
Handloom weaving of fine silk and cotton cloths is a popular activity. Other ethnic products include cane and bamboo articles, brass and bell metal products, pottery, woodcraft, masks, jewellery and terracotta articles.
Fairs and festivals:
Important festivals and fairs are the three Bihus, Durga Puja, bathow Puja, Kherai Puja, ali-ai-ligang, Po-rag, Baishagu, Bohaggiyo Bishu, Jonbeel Mela and Ambubasi Mela.
| | Author: Santosh 31 Jul 2009 Member Level: Diamond Points: 20 (Rs 20) | Industry and Agriculture:
Minerals and Industry:
Industrial scenario in Assam is dominated by two major industries: tea and oil and natural gas. Other industries include jute, silk, fertilizers, petrochemicals, paper matchsticks, cement, iron pipes, asbestos sheets and pipes, pan masala, cosmetics, plastics processing and moulded articles, polyester yarn, acrylic yarn, sugar, plywood, handloom and handicrafts.
The mineral wealth of Assam includes coal, petroleum, limestone, granite, sillimanite, iron ore, quartzite, feldspar and clay.
Agriculture:
Rice, maize, wheat, jute, cotton, sugarcane and pulses are the major crops. Important plantation crops are tea, rubber and coffee. Major horticulture crops are banana, pine-apple, orange, potato, sweet potato, papaya, cabbage, onion, tapioca, arecanut, coconut, ginger, jackfruit, guava and mango.
Power: Assam has great potential for development of power sector based on hydel, oil, natural gas and coal resources. At present the Assam State Electricity Board has a total installed capacity of 574MW.
Education:
Prominent educational institutions are Gauhati University, Guwahati; Dibrugarh university, Diburgarh; Tezpur University, tezpur; Assam University, Silchar; Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat; Indian Instite of Technology, Guwahati; and National Institute os Technology, Silichar.
Tourism:
Major Tourist attractions:
1. Kamrup: Guwahati(Kamakhya and Bhubaneswar temples, Basishthashram, Navagraha Temple, Gandhimandap); Hajo( Hayagriva-Madhap Temple, Poa Macca); Chandubi, Sualkuchi; Madan Kamdev.
2. Darrang: Bhairabkunda.
3. Morigaon: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary.
4. Nagaon: Nagaon; Batadrawa; Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary.
5. North Lakhimpur: Pobha Wildlife Sanctuary; Garampani.
6. Golaghat: Kaziranga National Park.
7. Tinsukia: Dibru Saikhowa National Park; Digboi (National Oil Park, War Cemetery).
8. Sonitpur: Orang Wildlife Sanctuary; Nameri National Park; Bhalukpun; Tezpur (Bamuni Hill, Hazara Tank, Chitralekha Udyan, Cole Park, Agnigarh, Da-Parbatiya, Maha Bhairav Temple).
9. Barpeta: Barpeta Satra KirtanGhar, Manas National Park.
10. Sibsagar: Sibsagar (Shivadol, Vishnudol and Devidol Temples, KarengGhar and Talatal Ghar, Gorgaon Palace, Rang Ghar, Joyasagar Tank and Temples, Charaideo).
11. NC Hills: Haflong; Jatinga; Maibong; Umrangshu.
12. Jorhat: Majuli, the world’s largest riverine island.
Airports:
Guwahati, Tezpur, Jorhat, Dibrugarh, Silichar, North Lakhimpur.
National Parks:
Kaziranga National Park in Golaghat and Nagaon districts(471.71sq km); Manas National Park in Barpeta and Bongalgaon districts(500 sq km); Nameri National Park in Sonitpur District(200sq km); DibruSaikhowa National Park in Tinsukia and Dibrugarh districts(340sq km); Orang National Park in Darrang and Sonitpur districts(78.808sq km).
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